From your answer of 24 2 ( c ) I dont understand how to get 7.8 millions .?se

From your answer of 24 2 ( c ) I dont understand how to get 7.8 millions .?second question is where and how did you get 2.9 millions ?third question is for part ( d ) how to calculate for is preferred stock is treated as debt ? I have attached your answer and pls have a look and then answer for me.